25.03% Efficiency
Lowers surface energy to reduce oxygen vacancies, enhancing carrier extraction and perovskite crystallization while relieving buried-interface stress, thus improving efficiency and stability.
Su, Hang · Xu, Zhuo · Yuying, Yao · Zhang, Xinxin · Shen, Yitong · Zhang, Jing · Liu, Shengzhong (Frank)
Advanced Materials 2023