22.6% efficiency
This contact layer fills PTAA pinholes and chelates uncoordinated Pb²⁺ at the bottom, passivating the perovskite surface while inducing (111) preferred orientation growth and releasing residual strain.
Li, Ying · Chen, Yan · Yuanyuan, Guo · Liu, Zhimin · Xie, Haipeng · Tang, Dongsheng · Le-Man, Kuang · Zhai, Yaxin · Wang, Jifei
Advanced Science 2025
22.6% efficiency