Polarization-independent
Achieves ultralow birefringence in femtosecond laser-written glass waveguides via a shape-stress dual compensation scheme, also enabling polarization-independent couplers and arrays.
Wang, Yingde · Li, Zezheng · Yi-Chun, Li · Yan-Zhao, Duan · Wang, Licheng · Yu, Yanhao · Chen, Qidai
Optics Letters 2023
Birefringence as low as 1×10⁻⁹
Controllable waveguide cross-section shape