−4°C High Efficiency
Pairs an n-type polyimide anode with a p-type radical polymer cathode in an all-polymer architecture, delivering high energy efficiency and long lifespan even at subzero temperatures in seawater.
Liu, Xiu · Yang, Fan · Zhang, Zishou · Xin, Fei · Zhong, Linfeng · Yu, Dingshan
Advanced Science 2025
stable capacity over 10,000 cycles (anode)
83.2% capacity retention after 800 cycles at -4°C