Topologically Entangled Hydrogel

Anti-fatigue ultra-stretchable

A 3D interpenetrating network with nanoparticles enables simultaneous high toughness, low hysteresis, and fatigue resistance, while serving as a high-fidelity sensor with an ultra-wide detection range.

Fu-Xiang, Liu · Jing, Xin · 74010188 · Yeqing, Xu · Feng, Peiyong · Mi, Haoyang · Liu, Yuejun · Geng, Lihong

Composites Part B: Engineering 2026

Specifications

韧性

{'zh': '1.35', 'en': ''} MJ m⁻³

hysteresis

{'zh': '5.45', 'en': '8.8'} %

fatigue threshold

{'zh': '', 'en': '233.9'} J m⁻²

Advantages

λ = 31.9

detection range λ = 1–24, sensitivity GF = 2.63, linearity R² = 0.995