Graphene Oxide Reinforced Geopolymer

Promotes C-(A)-S-H nucleation

In situ alkaline reduction produces edge electron clouds that switch calcium binding from chemical to electrostatic, creating Ca-rich zones that seed C-(A)-S-H.

Li, Ben · Kaihang, Li · Zhou, Yingwu · Hu, Xu · Canhao, Zhao · Yu, Ying · Zhuocheng, Li

Cement and Concrete Composites 2025

Advantages

In situ reduction in alkali-excited environment causes nanostructure change and strong electron cloud/field at edges

Binding mode to calcium ions changes from chemical binding to physical electrostatic adsorption

Calcium ion enrichment environment formed at edges provides nucleation sites for C-(A)-S-H