Cold start at −30 °C enabled
Conventional air-cooled PEMFC stacks struggle to warm up below freezing; this stack combines endplate and gas heating to achieve successful cold start at −30 °C using only 14% of rated power.
Chang, Huawei · Zhengbo, Yang · Tu, Zhengkai
Renewable Energy 2024
Temperature uniformity and cell voltage consistency deteriorate with decreasing ambient temperature
Increasing gas heating power improves temperature uniformity and voltage consistency