Peak load −21.98%
Designed with induced grooves and gradient holes to substantially reduce initial peak load while increasing total energy absorption, improving crashworthiness.
Li, Huaguan · Xiang, Siyi · Sun, Xianglong · Lin, Yanyan · Zhou, Rui · Liu, Wenyi
Polymer Composites 2024
Adding induced groove structure effectively reduces initial peak load
Gradient design of hole diameter and spacing reduces initial peak load by 21.98% and increases total energy absorption by 20.26%