Low friction at high Re
This unit adjusts the existing friction model to keep experimental error within ±20%, providing direct evidence for structural optimization of liquid metal cooling systems.
Feiran, Wang · Wen, Jiming · Zhengjie, Yang · Gongjian, Xie · Xia, Bangyang · Chong, Chen · Xue, Zhang · Tian, Ruifeng · 77100149
International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2026
Friction factor lower than water model prediction at Re 2.0 × 10⁴ to 1.45 × 10⁵
Friction factor significantly lower under heating than isothermal conditions