Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator

Introduces a device figure-of-merit based on a dynamic capacitance model that accurately captures rectification, phase lag, and amplitude attenuation under high-frequency operation, providing a foundation for maximizing output energy.

Guo, Xin · Shilong, Wang · Wei, Di · Zhang, Chi · Dai, Shuge · Ding, Liming · Wang, Zhonglin · Shao, Jiajia

Matter 2026

Advantages

Unified figure-of-merit

FOMD combines short-circuit charge, open-circuit voltage, and mechano-induced charge into one formula, enabling fair comparison across devices.

Predictable high-frequency behavior

The dynamic capacitance model explains and predicts rectification, phase lag, and amplitude attenuation at high frequencies, avoiding trial-and-error.

Applications

• Tribovoltaic energy harvesting：Use FOMD to optimize device design and maximize energy harvesting efficiency.
• Self-powered sensors：Predict high-frequency output to ensure stable power for self-powered sensors.
• Nanogenerator testing：Use FOMD as a standard metric to evaluate different nanogenerators consistently.