More uniform spray
This ducted spray with dual injection achieves faster penetration and more uniform equivalence ratio distribution with lower peak.
Wang, Z. · Tong, Liang · Zhang, Yuxin · Wang, Ziman
Atomization and Sprays 2023
Ducted spray penetration development faster than free spray
Equivalence ratio distribution more uniform than free spray during first injection
Peak equivalence ratio of ducted spray lower than free spray
In second injection, ducted spray path shorter when radial equivalence ratio distribution equivalent to free injection