Ultra-sparse speckle patterns

4× sparser

End-to-end optimized illumination patterns achieve 92% recognition accuracy at an extreme 0.06 sampling rate with exceptional hardware compatibility, outperforming traditional methods in the sparsity-performance trade-off.

Ayesha, Abbas · Cao, Jie · Saba, Sajid · Muhammad, Qasim · Tan, Wang

Optics and Laser Technology 2026

Specifications

Recognition accuracy
{'zh': '99', 'en': '99'} %
Recognition accuracy
{'zh': '92', 'en': '92'} %

Advantages

4× sparser

Sampling rate as low as 0.06 still yields 92% accuracy, requiring four times fewer samples than conventional approaches.

Hardware-ready

Optimized patterns are directly compatible with existing hardware, refined with physical constraints to load onto a spatial light modulator without extra calibration.

Sim-to-real

A unified simulation-to-experiment training paradigm successfully closes the reality gap, enabling direct transfer of simulation-trained patterns to experiments.

Applications