Pd-intercalated Fe3-δGaTe2 skyrmions

43 nm smallest size

Pd intercalation enhances DMI and suppresses Heisenberg exchange, yielding 43 nm room-temperature skyrmions with ultrafast multi-level control, enabling high-density spin-based neuromorphic computing.

Zhang, Huai · Hu, Yue · Su, Rui · Li, Zefang · Zhou, Qing · Zhao, Guoping · Gao, Xingsen · Hu, Yangfan · Xue, Jiang · Jijun, Zhao · Che, Renchao · Fu, Xuewen · Hou, Zhipeng · Liu, Junming

Nature Communications 2026

Specifications

Skyrmion diameter

{'zh': '43', 'en': '43'} nm

Energy per skyrmion

{'zh': '0.6', 'en': '0.6'} pJ

Simulated training accuracy

{'zh': '91', 'en': '91'} %

Advantages

Smallest vdW skyrmions

Pd intercalation enhances Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and suppresses Heisenberg exchange, yielding 43 nm diameter at room temperature, the smallest reported in van der Waals magnets.

Ultra-low energy

Femtosecond laser generation of a single skyrmion requires only 0.6 pJ, enabling low-power writing.

Multi-level control

Tuning laser pulse number deterministically modulates skyrmion density, enabling multi-state memory and neuromorphic hardware.

Applications

• Spintronic devices：Provide high-density, low-energy skyrmion bits for memory and logic.
• Neuromorphic computing：Exploit multi-level density control for weight mapping in optical neuromorphic hardware.