Adaptive Energy Management Strategy

This strategy balances flight endurance and component lifespan by incorporating the degradation costs of the fuel cell and lithium-ion battery into the optimization objective, along with real-time power allocation.

Pengcheng, Yue · Chenglong, Fu · Zhijie, Huang · Chang, Huawei · Tu, Zhengkai

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2026

Specifications

Reduction in total equivalent hydrogen consumption

{'zh': '4.69', 'en': '4.69'} %

Reduction in equivalent hydrogen consumption induced by PEMFC degradation

{'zh': '21.21', 'en': '21.21'} %

Gap in total equivalent hydrogen consumption from theoretical optimal solution

{'zh': '4.22', 'en': '4.22'} %

Advantages

Lower hydrogen consumption

By combining the global optimization capacity of DP with the real-time advantage of ECMS, the strategy achieves better power allocation in hybrid systems, reducing equivalent hydrogen consumption.

Delayed degradation

Incorporating degradation costs of fuel cell and lithium-ion battery into the optimization objective effectively reduces the equivalent hydrogen consumption caused by PEMFC degradation.

Near-optimal performance

The total equivalent hydrogen consumption of the strategy is only 4.22% higher than the theoretical optimal solution, with optimization performance comparable to DP.

Applications

• Fuel cell UAVs：Extend UAV flight endurance and delay fuel cell degradation
• UAV power systems：Optimize power allocation in hybrid power systems for improved stability
• Hybrid power energy management：Achieve lower hydrogen consumption and degradation cost in hybrid systems