Mechanically Interlocked Molecular Rotors

Plug-and-play molecular gears

AlPc molecules on Pb(100) can rotate between two stable orientations; by arranging them into dimers and trimers via STM, they become mechanically interlocked and rotate collectively, enabling modular construction of molecular gears.

Li, Chao · Yan, Lu · Li, Ruoning · Wang, Li · Weismann, Alexander · Berndt, Richard

Nano Letters 2025

Advantages

AlPc molecules on Pb(100) exhibit two stable azimuthal orientations

Induced collective rotation of all molecules in trimers demonstrates mechanical interlocking

DFT calculations indicate a relatively low rotation barrier for single molecules

52 experimentally determined trimer geometries are reproduced using DFT-derived potential functions