Near-zero energy offset
Surface dipoles reduce the electron extraction offset at the perovskite/fullerene interface to -0.02 eV, enabling barrier-less extraction and suppressed nonradiative recombination.
Xiong, Shaobing · Li, Di · Xie, Junhan · Wu, Hongbo · Ma, Zaifei · Li, Bo · Liu, Xianjie · Fahlman, Mats · Chu, Junhao · Pan, Chaofeng · Bao, Qinye
Science Bulletin 2025
0.98→-0.02 eV electron extraction offset
linear improvement in built-in potential
significantly enhanced FF, photovoltage, and PCE