Efficient at Low Temperatures
Direct plasma treatment at low temperature rapidly produces activated water with high chemical and biological reactivity.
Zhao, Zhiguo · Liu, Guoqiang · Li, Guofeng · Ni, Weiyuan · Liu, Dongping
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 2024
Direct plasma treatment (DPT) significantly enhances chemical and biological reactivity compared to remote plasma treatment (RPT)
Activation rate significantly increases when water temperature decreases from 40°C to 6°C
Activation controlled by RONS solubility at water temperatures between 6°C and 40°C