<1 mg/cm² gain at 900°C
W, B, Y, C/Si additions suppress TiO₂ growth and promote Al₂O₃ formation with spallation-resistant oxide scale.
Sun, Tielong · Guo, Zhichao · Jun, Cao · Liang, Yongfeng · Lin, Junpin
Corrosion Science 2023
Alloying elements refine grain size and reduce oxygen activity
Oxide pegs improve adhesion between oxide scale and substrate