Methanol fluid balancing agent

Bidirectional Marangoni convection

Regulates Marangoni convection direction for large-area pinhole-free perovskite films via blade coating.

Sun, Kai Le · Mai, Yaohua · Licheng, Liu · Xiong, Wei · Guo, Xiaoyang · Jiang, Yue · Shien-Ping, Feng · Gao, Xingsen · Chen, Yiwang · Liu, Junming · Gao, Jinwei · Li, Naizhen

Advanced Materials 2025

Specifications

for small-area device

{'zh': '0.07', 'en': '0.07'} cm²

for large-area module

{'zh': '21', 'en': '21'} cm²

PCE after h

{'zh': '92.03', 'en': '5'} %

Advantages

Stabilized PCE of 24.28%

Blue perovskite LED EQE 14.78%, EL 494 nm