Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

Size-dependent renal clearance

The lateral dimension dictates renal excretion route and injury site: small sheets undergo glomerular filtration while large sheets undergo faster tubular secretion.

Chen, Wei · Wang, Bing · Liang, Shanshan · Meng, Wang · Zheng, Lingna · Si, Xu · Jiali, Wang · Fang, Hao · Yang, Pu · Feng, Weiyue

Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2023

Advantages

Large GOs cleared via proximal tubular secretion at a much faster rate than small GOs cleared via glomerular filtration

At 15 mg/kg, small GOs induced glomerular podocyte injury; large GOs induced tubular epithelial necrosis, brush border loss, cast formation, and tubular dilatation

Large GO-treated mice showed elevated mRNA levels of tubular injury biomarkers KIM1 and NGAL

Dose-dependent increase in basolateral organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat2 mRNA levels in kidneys of large GO-treated mice