Robust Pb Solidification
Lead ions are immobilized within clinker phases without leaching, while hydration is accelerated, enabling safe valorization of hazardous waste.
Zhang, Zhuoyang · Zhang, Yunsheng Sun Wei · Liu, Cheng · Liu, Zhiyong · Li, Bin · Chen, Wei · Liu, Guojian
Cement and Concrete Composites 2024
Nearly all Pb ions are solidified in inherent phases
Solidification preference in single crystal: C2S > C4AF > C3S
Solidified Pb increases hydration activity and ultimate hydration heat
Postponing effect on induction period is relatively low