Sub-1-nm Channel Artificial SEI

6000 h without failure

Electronegative subnanometer channels synergistically regulate geometry, electronics, and chemistry to enhance Li+ conductivity, selectivity, and interfacial stability, enabling ultrastable Li metal anodes at ultrahigh rates.

Haifeng, Xu · Liu, Cong · Zhou, Juying · Zhong, Linfeng · Yu, Dingshan

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2026

Specifications

Li+ transference number

{'zh': '0.85', 'en': '0.85'}

Cycling life

{'zh': '6000', 'en': '6000'} h

Cycle number

{'zh': '3500', 'en': '3500'}

Pore size

{'zh': '0.57', 'en': '0.57'} nm

Advantages

Withstands extreme current

Under 40 mA cm⁻²/40 mAh cm⁻², SCFPIM-modified Li anodes achieve ultrastable cycling over 6000 h, superior to reported Li anodes.

Higher ion selectivity

Geometric confinement from sub-nanometer channels selectively sieves electrolyte species, raising Li+ transference number to 0.85.

Stable interface

Preferential decomposition of -CF3 moieties induces a robust bilayer SEI with a LiF-rich inner layer, ensuring interfacial stability under high Li+ flux.

Applications

• Li metal batteries：Addresses interfacial instability in Li metal batteries at high rates.
• SEI research：Offers a design strategy for artificial SEI with triple regulation.
• Biomimetic ion channel materials：Uses sub-nanometer channels for selective ion transport, mimicking biological ion channels.