Superior immunity via ID route
This vaccine, administered intradermally via needle-free injection technology, induces balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses and provides effective protection against lethal challenge in animal models.
Huiting, Zhao · Liu, Peixun · Bian, Lijun · Zhang, Wen · Jiang, Chunlai · Chen, Yan · Kong, Wei Kang · Zhang, Yong
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023
ID route induced the highest antigen-specific and neutralizing antibody titers among all administration routes
One-third dose via ID route provided comparable or higher efficacy to full dose via other three routes
Inflammatory cell infiltration at ID injection site peaked at 48 h and resolved within one week